Naming one thing by another that is linked to it: the part for the whole, the object for its owner, the place for its people, the cause for the effect.
In the Aeneid
Troy entrusts to you its sacred objects and its Penates. Take them as companions of the fates: seek for them the walls that, once you have crossed the sea, you will at last found.
“Troy entrusts to you” puts the city in place of its people and its dead: it is all of Troy that hands Aeneas what is sacred, not only Hector, who speaks in a dream with his face disfigured.
Book II: The Fall of Troy, Hector
You will reach safely the harbor of Avernus that you desire. There will be only one who, lost in the current, he will search for; a single head will be given for many.
But I, great wife of Jupiter, unhappy, who left nothing untried and threw myself into everything, am defeated by Aeneas! If my power is not enough, I will not hesitate to beg for whatever aid there is anywhere: if I cannot bend the gods above, I will move Acheron.
Book VII: The Arrival in Latium, Juno
Now I would not be torn from your sweet embrace, my son; and Mezentius, insulting this head so near, would not have made so many deaths by the sword, nor left the city widowed of so many citizens.
Book VIII: The Shield, Evander
If I still linger in a hateful life, with Pallas dead, the cause is your hand: you see that it owes Turnus to son and father; only this place remains for your merits and your fortune.
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