In Russian, бесы (besy), "demons" (our translation), is the word in the title and in the Luke passage that Stepan Trofimovich asks Sofya Matveyevna to read and applies to Russia: бесы, вышедши из человека, "the demons, coming out of the man." Before that, the "demon of irony" that Varvara Petrovna says torments her son is another word, демон, used figuratively, which prepares the literal use of the ending.
Where It Appears
Quotes
These demons that come out of the sick man and enter the swine are all the sores, all the miasmas, all the filth, all the demons and little demons that have piled up over the centuries, over the centuries, in our great and beloved sick man, in our Russia.