Notes from Underground, of 1864, prepares Crime and Punishment, of 1866: the man who there cries out against calculation and against twice two makes four belongs to the same intellectual family as Raskolnikov's sum, one death against a hundred lives. They are independent books, but each illuminates the other.
The narrator of Notes attacks the idea that man always acts out of calculable self-interest, and that science could record acts in a table of logarithms. In the next novel, Raskolnikov makes a sum of the same family, one death against a hundred lives, and the sum leads him to the crime.
There is also a parallel in the scene. In Notes, the underground man tells Liza, shouting, what he did, and she embraces him. In Crime and Punishment, Sonia hears Raskolnikov's confession. The young woman who listens to a man confess returns, in another key, in both books.
Read in order of publication, Notes from Underground comes before Crime and Punishment and presents, in monologue form, the kind of thought that the novel puts into action. Those who read the two in this order see the same debate pass from theory to scene, and recognize in the second book the question the first left open: what a man does with the sum he believes he has made.