Naming one thing by another that is connected to it: the part for the whole, the object for its owner, the place for the people, the cause for the effect.
In the Odyssey
but Odysseus, wishing to see at least the smoke rising from his land, longs to die.
"The smoke rising from his land" is a part standing for the whole: the sign of the lit hearth says home, family, and homeland. With one visible thing, Athena sums up all that Odysseus has lost.