Antithesis

Placing opposed ideas or words side by side, so that one lights up the other through contrast.

In The Slum

Abatidos pelo fadinho harmonioso e nostálgico dos desterrados, iam todos, até mesmo os brasileiros, se concentrando e caindo em tristeza; mas, de repente, o cavaquinho do Porfiro, acompanhado pelo violão do Firmo, romperam vibrantemente com um chorado baiano, Cast down by the harmonious, nostalgic little fado of the exiles, all of them, even the Brazilians, were sinking into sadness; but suddenly Porfiro's cavaquinho, accompanied by Firmo's violão, vibrantly broke out with a Bahian chorado

The "nostalgic little fado" that makes everyone fall "into sadness" is opposed to the chorado that "vibrantly breaks out", and the "but suddenly" marks the cut between the gloom and the joy of the circle.

Chapters VI to VII: Rita Baiana's Sunday and the Pagode, the narrator

um desejo forte de querer saltar e um medo invencível de cair e quebrar as pernas, a strong desire to leap and an invincible fear of falling and breaking his legs

Chapters X to XI: The Baron's Title, the Razor Slash, and Pombinha's Visit, the narrator

João Romão subia e ela ficava cá embaixo, abandonada como uma cavalgadura de que já não precisamos para continuar a viagem, João Romão rose and she stayed down here, abandoned like a beast of burden we no longer need to continue the journey

Chapters XII to XIV: Marriage, the Rival Tenement, and the Plan of Revenge, the narrator

os mesmos que barateavam tão facilmente a vida, apressavam-se agora a salvar os miseráveis bens que possuíam sobre a terra, the same men who had so easily cheapened life now hurried to save the miserable goods they owned on earth

Chapters XV to XVII: Firmo's Death, Piedade's Fight, and the Fire, the narrator

pouco a pouco deixara totalmente de ser a amante do vendeiro, para ficar sendo só uma sua escrava, little by little she had stopped entirely being the shopkeeper's lover, to become only his slave

Chapters XVIII to XX: Libório, the Renovations, and Piedade's Fall, the narrator