Clavis Libri

Literary device

Sensory imagery

Description that appeals to the senses (what is seen, heard, smelled, tasted or touched) and makes the reader perceive the scene, not only understand it.

In Purgatory

Alas, empty shades, save in appearance! Three times I clasped my hands behind her, and as many times I brought them back to my breast.

Touch organizes the passage: the hands "clasped behind her" return "to the breast" without having gripped anything. The reader feels in the body the embrace that closes on air and the movement of return, repeated three times.

Cantos I to IV: The shore and Ante-Purgatory, Dante, narrator, when trying to embrace Casella's shade

my body, frozen, at the mouth found the impetuous Archiano; and this one pushed it into the Arno, and loosed on my breast the cross I made of myself when the pain overcame me.
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Cantos V to VIII: Those who repented late, Bonconte of Montefeltro, to Dante, recounting the end of his own body

and with the fingers of my right hand spread I found only six of the letters that he who held the keys had engraved on my temples; seeing this, my guide smiled.
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Cantos IX to XII: The gate and pride, Dante, narrator, discovering with his fingers that one of the seven P's has faded

because to everyone an iron thread pierces and sews the eyelids shut, as is done to the wild hawk because it will not keep still. It seemed to me, as I walked, that I was committing an outrage, seeing the others without being seen; so I turned to my wise counselor.
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Cantos XIII to XVI: Envy and wrath, Dante, narrator, before the envious with sewn eyes

their sockets looked like rings without gems; whoever could read "omo" in men's faces would have recognized the M there.
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Cantos XXII to XXV: Gluttony and the generation of the soul, Dante, narrator, before the thin shades of the sixth turn

the ice that was tight around my heart turned to breath and water, and with anguish it came out of my chest through my mouth and eyes.
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Cantos XXX to XXXIII: Beatrice, Dante, narrator, when the angels sing and he weeps

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