Naming a thing by another that is linked to it: the part for the whole, the object for its owner, the place for its people, the cause for the effect.
In The Red and the Black
Mathilde felt herself in Paris.
"Paris" names the world of elegance and power to which Mathilde belongs, not the city itself: Frilair's palace reminds her of her own circle, and the name of the place is enough to show that she feels at home.